Factor Structure of Biomechanical Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System in Women of the Second Period of Adulthood in the Context of Various Posture Types

Abstract

Abstract. Analysis of recent research indicates that postural deviations in women of the second period of adulthood are multifactorial, emerging under the influence of involutional morphological changes, disorders of the body's spatial organization, discoordination of neuromuscular control, and the complex interaction of functional factors. Despite a significant volume of empirical data, scientific literature demonstrates fragmented approaches. This necessitates the integration of clinical, biomechanical, and functional parameters using modern methods of mathematical modeling to develop a comprehensive conceptual model of postural dysfunction. Objective. To identify and systematize the factor structure of biomechanical, functional, and symptomatic indicators in women of the second period of adulthood with kyphotic ("round back") and scoliotic postures to provide a scientific basis for a differentiated approach to corrective and preventive measures. Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Mathematical and statistical modeling allowed for the identification of specific vectors of functional vulnerability for various types of posture. The type-specificity of the factor structures was established. In women with kyphotic posture, 4 factors were identified (86.1% of the variance), with "Static-dynamic stability of the trunk" being dominant (35.6%), reflecting an imbalance between lower limb mobility and core stability. In the group with scoliotic posture, 6 factors were identified (86.9% of the variance), the key ones being "Movement regimen" (23%) and "Balance of mobility and stability" (17.8%). A significant impact of "Sedentary lifestyle" on the formation of frontal asymmetries and distal neuropathic symptoms (10.2–12.1%) was revealed. Conclusions. The results of the factor analysis prove that posture correction measures for women of the second period of adulthood must be strictly differentiated. For kyphotic posture, the primary task is the development of static-dynamic stability of the trunk and the correction of head positioning. For scoliotic posture, the priority is the optimization of the overall movement regimen, elimination of rotational instability, and specific therapy for distal symptoms of the upper limbs. The identified latent factors allow for a transition from unified exercises to cluster-oriented rehabilitation technologies, which significantly increases the effectiveness of preventive measures.