Features of functional training of male athletes of mature working age

Abstract

The article deals with the features of functional training of male athletes of mature working age. The modern ways of building the training process with an emphasis on preserving the functional state of the cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems are analysed. The role of functional training as an important component of sports activity in maintaining high performance, preventing overload and improving the quality of life of athletes in adulthood is emphasised. The aim of the study is to determine effective methods of functional training of male athletes of mature working age and to develop recommendations for optimising the training process taking into account age-related changes in the body.

Methods of the research: analysis of literary sources, empirical questionnaires, methods of statistical processing.

Results of the research. At the modern stage of development of sport the improvement of special physical fitness is connected with the improvement of functional possibilities of sportsmen, in particular - the development of strength, speed, endurance, coordination, and also their integrated displays which reach the level of special working capacity in a concrete type of competitive activity.

The analysis of the existing scientific approaches and their generalisation within the framework of the complex assessment of functional fitness allowed to form the concept which is based on the studied key generalised physiological characteristics taking into account age, sports specialisation and qualification level of sportsmen.

Conclusions. Thus, the functional fitness of a sportsman develops as a set of physiological properties and functions of the organism, which ensures the effectiveness of special performance. A special role in modelling the training process is played by the analysis of cardiorespiratory and energy characteristics. An important component of the assessment of an athlete's functional state is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO₂max) and maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD). In physiological research, the role of VO₂ kinetics and MAOD formation has been analysed in detail by Melbo and expanded upon in later studies. The correct structuring of the training process in accordance with the critical load zones contributes to the efficiency of adaptation. During training, it is important to maintain a stable level of aerobic and anaerobic supply, especially within the ‘critical power’.