Innovative technologies in vocational education: global trends

Abstract

In the context of global digital transformation, vocational education faces new challenges that require a rethinking of traditional teaching approaches. The rapid development of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics necessitates the integration of innovative solutions into vocational training to meet the demands of the modern labor market. The relevance of this study lies in the need to develop digital competencies among learners and adapt educational programs to the realities of the digital economy. Methodology. The article aims to analyze global trends in the implementation of innovative technologies in vocational education, identify the specific features of their application in different countries, and justify the potential for adapting best practices within the Ukrainian educational context. Methods. The study employs comparative analysis of educational policies, content analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of international experiences from European and Asian countries, and systematization of applied cases involving digital technologies in vocational training. Results. The research identifies three main categories of innovative technologies in vocational education: digital (AI, VR/AR, IoT, Big Data), pedagogical (gamification, blended learning, project-based learning), and organizational (dual education, learning clusters, lifelong learning). Countries such as Germany, Finland, South Korea, and the Netherlands actively implement AI systems for personalized learning, VR/AR simulators for industrial training, IoT-equipped smart labs, and gamified EdTech platforms. The effectiveness of digital transformation is shown to depend on technical infrastructure, teacher training, government support, and collaboration with industry. Conclusions. The digitalization of vocational education is a key driver of educational modernization. European models emphasize pedagogical integration of innovations and the development of critical thinking, while Asian models focus on centralized digital infrastructure and industrial partnerships. For Ukraine, adapting global best practices through participation in international initiatives such as Horizon Europe and Erasmus+ is essential for improving the quality of vocational training and enhancing graduates’ competitiveness in the global labor market.