Competency-Based Approach in Primary School: Methodological Strategies for Implementation in an Inclusive Environment

Abstract

The article examines the implementation of the competency-based approach in primary school within the context of inclusive education. Based on the principles of the New Ukrainian School reform and national educational standards, the study emphasizes the importance of developing key life competencies, including social interaction, emotional self-regulation, health literacy, responsible behavior, and basic technological literacy as an integral component of the modern educational process. Purpose: The aim of the article is to explore effective methodological strategies for implementing the competency-based approach in inclusive primary education. Methods: analysis of scientific literature, generalization, and systematization. Results: The article provides a theoretical overview of the normative foundations of inclusive and competency-oriented learning with a focus on younger schoolchildren. The authors define the concept of the “competency-based approach,” highlight its significance for the development of essential life competencies in primary school students, and determine the role of social, health-preserving, and technological components within the structure of the educational process. A review is presented of the legal and regulatory framework governing inclusive education and the implementation of the competency-based approach. The article describes the specifics of organizing the educational process in inclusive classrooms, the role of teachers, teacher assistants, the team of psychological and pedagogical support specialists, and parents. Special attention is given to the pedagogical conditions for the successful implementation of the competency-based approach, with examples of teaching methods and forms of work, including project-based activities, role-playing, integrated lessons (including the use of digital and technological tools), body-oriented practices, and formative assessment. The role of the Individual Development Program (IDP) is highlighted as a tool for addressing special educational needs and ensuring the progress of each student.