Theoretic-methodological foundations of developing individual SMART-Goals for correcting biomechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system in adults

Abstract

Abstract: The health of a nation is a critical factor in its sustainable development and well-being. A growing focus in modern scientific discourse is the global issue of maintaining and improving the health of women in adulthood. This issue has become a primary objective in contemporary physical therapy, sports rehabilitation, kinesiology, and wellness fitness. The spatial organization of the body, which reflects its biomechanical state, is not only an indicator of physical health but also a key element of personal identity and successful social self-presentation. This problem becomes particularly relevant during the first period of adulthood for women. Despite reaching their physical peak, their modern lifestyle creates preconditions for the development of musculoskeletal biomechanics disorders. Chronic stress is a major contributing factor, leading to muscle hypertonia and negatively affecting the body's spatial organization. This makes the issue highly relevant for further research and the development of effective corrective programs. Objective. The purpose of the study was to scientifically justify and develop an algorithm for formulating individual SMART goals for corrective and preventive programs. These programs are designed to improve the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system in women in their first period of adulthood, based on an analysis of their biogemetric posture profile and physical fitness level. Methods. The study employed a complex of theoretical and empirical research methods. Theoretical methods included the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature to determine the current state of the problem, justify its relevance, and form a theoretical and methodological matrix for creating individual SMART goals for women with various musculoskeletal biomechanics disorders. Empirical methods included visual screening and photo analysis (using V. O. Kashuba's method) to evaluate the biogemetric posture profile in the sagittal and frontal planes. This approach provided an objective assessment and quantitative measurement of existing disorders. Joint hypermobility was diagnosed using the R. Beighton, R. Grahame criteria. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) system (G. Cook, L. Burton, B. Hoogenboom, M. Voight) was used to assess the physical fitness of women in this age group. Mathematical statistics were applied to provide empirical justification for the theoretical and methodological developments and individual SMART goals. Results. Modern biomechanical studies are focused on developing effective corrective and preventive programs aimed at eliminating posture disorders. In the fields of physical therapy, sports rehabilitation, and wellness fitness, the successful achievement of goals depends on a clear and consistent structure, often visualized as a "goal tree." The SMART goals concept is a key tool for creating such a structure. This methodology allows not only for a structured wellness process but also for the objective tracking of progress and evaluation of the effectiveness of pedagogical interventions. SMART tasks involve the specific formulation of a goal, the definition of clear deadlines, and the identification of necessary resources and tools. This methodology ensures the scientific accuracy and practical effectiveness of the corrective and preventive process. Conclusions. The SMART goals concept is used to develop individual corrective programs. This allows for the formulation of specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound tasks. This approach is integrated with key principles of kinesiology, including: the principle of individualization (SMART goals adapt programs to each woman's unique needs); the principle of progressive overload (SMART goals help to systematically increase the complexity of exercises); and the principle of functional integration (SMART programs promote the restoration of holistic movement patterns, which is key to effective correction).