Restoration of Architectural Plastic: Modern Technologies and Their Integration into the Educational Process of Training Restorers

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to the restoration of stone architectural plastic with an emphasis on the use of digital technologies and the possibility of their systematic integration into the educational process of training restorers. The relevance of the study is due to the increased risks of loss of cultural heritage objects due to natural factors, anthropogenic impact and military actions, as well as the need to increase the accuracy, scientific validity and reversibility of restoration interventions. The paper analyzes the functional capabilities of laser 3D scanning, photogrammetry, photorealistic modeling, additive manufacturing and CNC technologies at various stages of the restoration of architectural plastic, in particular during the documentation of objects, analysis of their technical condition, cleaning of surfaces, consolidation of damaged areas, restoration of losses and post-restoration monitoring. Particular attention is paid to the issues of material compatibility of restoration elements with the original, the principles of minimal and reversible intervention, as well as the possibilities of combining digital tools with traditional craft methods. Based on the generalization of international and domestic experience, the feasibility of transforming educational programs for training restorers by introducing interdisciplinary modules on digital technologies, laboratory classes on 3D scanning, 3D modeling and project practice on digitizing real heritage objects is substantiated. A conceptual model of integrating digital tools into the educational process is proposed, aimed at the formation of hybrid professional competencies that combine analytical thinking, digital literacy and classical restoration skills. The results obtained indicate that the combination of digital and traditional approaches contributes to increasing the efficiency of restoration work, improving the quality of documentation and long-term preservation of architectural heritage, and also increases the level of professional training of future specialists in the field of restoration.