Modern Aspects of Using Physical Therapy Modalities for Scoliosis in Children

Abstract

Modern social conditions characterized by a reduced level of physical activity among children and adolescents, together with prolonged use of electronic devices, lead to an increased incidence of postural disorders and spinal deformities. One of the most common structural conditions is scoliosis, which negatively affects not only the musculoskeletal system but also the functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, limiting physical capacity and complicating the child’s social integration. In this regard, the rehabilitation of children with scoliosis acquires particular medical and social significance. The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the need to improve existing rehabilitation programs and to introduce innovative approaches aimed at preventing the progression of scoliosis, increasing treatment effectiveness, and improving the quality of life of children. A comprehensive analysis of contemporary scientific sources and practical experience provides a basis for developing optimal strategies of physical rehabilitation. The aim of the article is to analyze and summarize information on modern methods of physical therapy for children with scoliosis. The study involved an analysis of current scientific literature, clinical protocols, and international recommendations on the topic, as well as a review of contemporary diagnostic approaches. During the study, the feasibility of using therapeutic exercises as an alternative to general exercise therapy programs was substantiated. The effectiveness of three-dimensional spinal correction methods and asymmetric breathing according to the Schroth concept, as well as the SEAS approach based on the principles of active self-correction and neuromuscular control, was examined. The appropriateness of combining orthotic management using rigid braces of the Chêneau type with individualized physical therapy programs was confirmed, which corresponds to current concepts of the “gold standard” for the treatment of moderate scoliosis. Early diagnosis, timely implementation of rehabilitation measures, and continuous monitoring of the child’s condition are key factors in preventing the progression of scoliotic deformity. Physical rehabilitation in scoliosis is an essential component of comprehensive treatment and is aimed at stabilizing the spine, developing a muscular corset, correcting posture, and preserving the functional capacities of the body.