Structural and Semantic Characteristics of Terminology in the Fields of "Electronics" and "Computer Engineering" in the Professional Training of Future Specialists

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic features of English vocabulary translation and the specifics of its functioning in the professional discourse of computer science, cybersecurity, and information protection. The relevance of the study is determined by the continuous globalization of the digital space and the dynamic updating of terminological apparatus, which creates new challenges for interlingual communication. The paper examines in detail the difficulties caused by the high level of neologization, derivational activity, and specific metaphorization of technical concepts. The effectiveness of applying the main translation strategies – transcription, transliteration, calquing, and descriptive translation – is analyzed from the perspective of preserving semantic equivalence and terminological accuracy. Special emphasis is placed on investigating the phenomenon of domain-specific polysemy, whereby commonly used lexemes transform into highly specialized terms, acquiring new meanings within the architecture of network security. The author substantiates the role of contextual analysis as a key tool for adequate interpretation of professional texts by future IT specialists and linguists. The article also addresses the problem of standardizing newly created terms and their integration into the Ukrainian scientific space. The obtained results have practical significance for improving translation models, optimizing English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teaching, and creating modern industry-specific lexicographic resources for professionals in the global IT industry. The article provides a comprehensive linguistic analysis of the structural and semantic features of English terminology in the fields of "Electronics" and "Computer Engineering." The main methods of term formation are investigated, among which morphological, syntactic, and semantic methods are distinguished. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of compound terms and abbreviations, which constitute a significant part of the professional discourse of future IT specialists. The role of systemic relations (synonymy, antonymy, and polysemy) in forming a professional thesaurus is examined. In the context of foreign language teaching methodology, the necessity of in-depth study of the internal form of a term for effective acquisition of professional vocabulary by students of technical specialties is substantiated. The research results can be used in developing textbooks and specialized courses in English for Specific Purposes (ESP).