Corrective and Preventive Measures for Young Swimmers with Biomechanical Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System

Abstract

At the present stage, high requirements are placed on the organization of the training process of young athletes, which is due to the need to achieve sports results that meet the requirements of educational programs for children's and youth sports schools. At the same time, the analysis of previous scientific studies indicates the presence of biomechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system in young athletes, which, in turn, is associated with a low level of their physical fitness. The purpose of the study was to develop measures aimed at the correction and prevention of biomechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system in young swimmers. Methods. Analysis, synthesis and generalization, systematization and classification, and the logical method. Results. The results of the study of posture in young swimmers showed that the most common postural disorder among the examined contingent was slouched posture. Therefore, a program of corrective and preventive measures for young swimmers was developed in order to correct existing postural disorders and prevent possible ones. The program included health-oriented fitness tools, in particular the use of fitness equipment for performing physical exercises on land and special equipment for use during water-based activities. Land-based exercises were performed using such equipment as BOSU, body bars, step platforms, tennis balls, fitballs, medicine balls, Pilates rubber balls, balls for dry pools, dumbbells, platforms, long and short resistance bands, and BlazePod lights. During water-based exercises, fins, kickboards, pull buoys, swimming mats, and aqua sticks were used. The training program was divided into three main parts, each of which contained clearly defined tasks aimed at achieving specific goals. Each part of the program was focused on obtaining certain results corresponding to specific stages of development and improvement of physical skills. In total, twenty sets of physical exercises were developed, including exercises on land and in water, which contributed to the correction and prevention of postural disorders. The developed program included corrective and preventive measures using elements of health-oriented fitness on land and in water. The proposed exercise complexes involve the use of fitness equipment and special inventory for water-based activities and can contribute to the correction of existing postural disorders and the prevention of possible postural disorders in young swimmers.