Gender controversy in modern English. Gender-sensitive words

Abstract

Abstract. The article investigates the phenomenon of gender-sensitive language in modern English from linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives, focusing on its historical development, theoretical foundations, contemporary transformations, and pedagogical implications. The study aims to determine how gender-inclusive forms function in present-day English, how they are perceived by younger speakers, and what role education plays in their dissemination and normalization. The research combines theoretical analysis and empirical investigation. The theoretical component includes a critical review of linguistic and feminist scholarship on language and gender, androcentrism, discourse theory, and language reform. Special attention is given to recent academic publications of the last five years addressing inclusive language practices. The empirical component is based on a structured questionnaire administered to university students. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse awareness, frequency of use, contextual variation, and attitudinal responses to gender-sensitive language forms. The findings demonstrate that gender-sensitive language in English is no longer marginal but increasingly integrated into academic and professional discourse. The singular they, the honorific Mx., and gender-neutral professional titles (e.g., firefighter, chairperson) are recognized by the majority of respondents. While systematic usage remains context-dependent, attitudes toward inclusive language are predominantly positive. Awareness correlates with academic background and exposure to digital media. The results confirm that language reflects broader sociocultural transformations toward equality and inclusivity. Gender-sensitive language represents not merely lexical innovation but a structural shift in linguistic norms influenced by social justice movements, institutional policies, and generational change. Its pedagogical integration is essential for sustainable implementation. Further research is needed to explore long-term normative stabilization, cross-cultural comparisons, and the cognitive impact of inclusive linguistic forms.