Physical Therapy Technology for 7–8-Year-Old Cheerleaders with Impairments of the Body Spatial Organization

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to scientifically justify, develop, and experimentally verify the effectiveness of physical therapy technology for correcting body spatial organization impairments in cheerleaders during the initial training stage. Methods: theoretical analysis of specialized literature; medical and biological research methods (photography), visual posture screening, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The technology was based on physical therapy interventions aimed at restoring the functional state of the musculoskeletal system. Based on a systematic analysis and utilizing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Children and Youth version, ICF-CY), a posture correction technology was developed for girls engaged in cheerleading. This technology allows for a comprehensive assessment of body spatial organization and the establishment of clear, measurable goals using the SMART methodology. The intervention is designed for 6 months and is implemented in three consecutive stages: 1. Adaptation (1st month): preparing the cheerleaders' bodies for corrective work; 2. Main (2nd–5th months): implementation of the core complex of corrective measures; 3. Maintenance (6th month): consolidation of the results. The corrective exercise methodology was based on a system of load parameters and dosing principles that allowed for program individualization. These included: selection of starting position; type of exercise; number of repetitions and duration; pace, rhythm, and amplitude of movements; accuracy, simplicity, and complexity of movements; degree of effort; emotional factor; the ratio of general developmental, specialized, and breathing exercises; and load density. The technology included a wide range of physical therapy tools: from corrective gymnastics and specialized exercises to hydrokinesitherapy and massage. A distinctive feature is the active involvement of parents in the corrective process, which ensures better efficiency and long-term results. Conclusions. The development of individualized training programs is becoming critically important as it allows for the consideration of specific characteristics and existing body spatial organization impairments of each young athlete, which is the key to the effectiveness of corrective interventions.