Methodological Aspects of Analyzing the Content, Form, and Style of an Artwork in the "History of Arts" Course

Abstract

Abstract: The purpose of the article is the theoretical substantiation and methodological disclosure of an algorithm for the comprehensive analysis of an artwork by examining the interaction of its content, formal, and stylistic components within the teaching of the "History of Arts" educational component. Research methods. The study employs systemic and art historical analysis to structure the categories of form and content; the iconographic method to reveal the thematic layers of the work; and the comparative-historical method to differentiate artistic styles and periods. The methodological approach is based on the principle of unity between theoretical knowledge and the practical visual experience of students. The results. As a result of the research, a clear hierarchy for analyzing an artwork has been established, encompassing the following components: identification of genre and symbolism (content); study of compositional schemes, types of perspective, light and shadow solutions, and color palettes (form); and the synthesis of these means within the context of an era (style). It is emphasized that the composition of a painting, graphic work, or sculpture is directly influenced by the pictorial field, i.e., the shape of the support or the architectural space, which determines the external composition of the work. It has been established that the category of color includes the concepts of a color dominant, which attracts the viewer's attention, and a color accent—a small spot that differs from the main tone. It is proven that understanding the "compositional center" and the "geometric center," as well as distinguishing between types of textures (impasto, fini, non finito), is critically important for the formation of professional competencies of future art specialists. The transition from the rigid stylistic classification of the 19th century to the modern understanding of style as a historical period is substantiated. The conclusions. The implementation of the proposed methodology for analyzing the content, form, and style of an artwork into the educational process promotes the development of students' skills in the holistic perception of art. This allows for overcoming a purely descriptive approach and transforming knowledge of art history into an effective tool for modern creative practice, where classical principles of visual harmony are adapted to the requirements of artistic and art education.