Training process management of taekwondo athletes in Poomsae discipline: pedagogical control and load planning

Abstract

Abstract. Aim. To develop and scientifically substantiate a system for managing training loads of highly qualified taekwondo athletes at the pre-competition preparation stage, considering the specifics of competitive activity in Poomsae format. Methods. The study employed a complex of methods: analysis and generalization of scientific-methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, mathematical statistics methods. For fitness diagnostics, technical mastery testing (forms execution scoring according to World Taekwondo criteria), static balance test (stance holding time), flexibility test, R.M. Baevsky stress index, tapping test for evaluating nervous processes speed, tremorometry for determining limb stability, and attention concentration test were used. The experimental study involved 18 highly qualified athletes aged 17-21 years during a four-week pre-competition mesocycle. Additionally, an experimental study involving 20 athletes was conducted to examine weight reduction effects. Results. The optimal structure of the pre-competition mesocycle for Poomsae was determined, consisting of four microcycles: basic (35% of total load volume), special technical (35%), modeling (20%), and introductory (10%). It was established that weight reduction by 2.5-3 kg (3.5-4.1% of body weight) improves strength-to-weight ratio without loss of stability, while reduction by 4-5 kg or more leads to deterioration of coordination and static balance. After the four-week pre-competition preparation stage, athletes' technical mastery indicators improved by an average of 8-12% (p<0.05): average score for forms execution increased from 8.4 to 9.1, stance holding time increased from 45.0 to 52.5 seconds, stress index decreased from 61.0 to 54.0 conventional units. Conclusions. The developed methodology for planning training loads allows effective management of taekwondo Poomsae athletes' preparation at the pre-competition stage. Focused development of technical precision, static stability, and psychological concentration is a key factor for competitive success. The proposed battery of pedagogical control tests ensures timely correction of the training process and achievement of planned fitness indicators.