Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of the Re-adaptation of Functional Reserves of Special Operations Unit Military Personnel after Rehabilitation

Abstract

Modern conditions of professional activity of military personnel are characterized by the combined impact of intensive physical, psycho-emotional, informational, and socio-stress factors, which impose increased demands on the functional state of the organism and its adaptive capacities. Objective.  To analyze the current state of scientific research on physical training, rehabilitation, readaptation, and restoration of functional reserves of military personnel in the context of contemporary professional challenges. Research methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific, methodological, and specialized literature, comparison, and systematization were applied. Research results. The analysis of scientific sources indicates that physical training of special operations forces personnel is a system-forming factor of professional readiness; however, it requires improvement considering the specifics of modern combat activities. It has been established that the effectiveness of combat task performance depends not only on the level of general physical fitness but also on the body's ability to adapt to variable physical and psycho-emotional loads. Existing training programs often do not correspond to the real structure of combat activity, which is characterized by multidirectional and unpredictable loads. At the same time, the consequences of combat injuries are associated with a complex decline in functional status, requiring individualized rehabilitation programs. It has been determined that physical therapy ensures the restoration of basic functions but does not guarantee the achievement of a level of special work capacity required for professional activity. Medical rehabilitation is shown to constitute only the initial stage of recovery, whereas full resistance to loads is formed during the readaptation phase. The necessity of transitioning to an integrated system combining rehabilitation and readaptation is substantiated, aimed at restoring functional reserves, increasing resistance to loads, and ensuring professional readiness of military personnel. Conclusions. The modern system of physical training of military personnel requires significant improvement considering the new challenges of contemporary warfare. Rehabilitation approaches should be considered as a multi-component system. The process of readaptation should be treated as a separate stage of recovery aimed at reconstructing functional reserves, enhancing resistance to physical and psycho-emotional loads, and ensuring readiness for performing profession-specific tasks.