BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF GYMNASTIC ELEMENTS AS A MEANS OF INJURY PREVENTION

Abstract

The article provides a biomechanical justification for the use of gymnastic elements as a means of strengthening health and preventing injuries among learners. The relevance of the study is determined by the persistent upward trend in gymnastics-related injuries against the background of intensified training loads and an increasingly complex technical repertoire, as well as the limitations of traditional visual teaching methods, which fail to objectively identify «critical points» of musculoskeletal loading. The purpose of the article is to provide a biomechanical justification for the use of gymnastic elements as an effective means of health promotion and injury prevention in learners through the analysis of the temporal, phase and angular structure of motor actions. Methods of the study include a complex of theoretical (systematic analysis of scientific and methodological literature, generalization, systematization) and empirical methods of biomechanical analysis: video recording of motor actions, construction of videograms and biokinematic diagrams, comparative analysis of angular characteristics in the shoulder and hip joints. Results of the research. Modelling of an energy-efficient technique for performing gymnastic exercises has been carried out; three stages and six phases of the Tkachev release have been identified, the most dynamic of which is the «counter-tempo» phase lasting 0.13 s. It has been established that the technical stability of flight elements is based on the synchrony of flexion-extension actions in the shoulder and hip joints, where the amplitude of extension in the hip joints (100°) is twice the shoulder value (47°). The biomechanical mechanisms of injury minimization through static balance (over 300 stabilizer muscles), formation of the «muscular corset», development of vestibular stability and mastery of self-arrest technique have been systematized. Conclusions. It has been confirmed that the integration of biomechanically grounded gymnastic exercises into the educational process has powerful preventive potential. The combination of biomechanical modelling with the methodology of physical education makes it possible to transform complex motor activity into a safe and highly effective means of strengthening the health of young people. The practical significance of the study lies in the justification that mastery of self-arrest technique, development of vestibular stability and conscious control of the centre of mass are decisive factors in minimizing traumatic risks.