Specificity of damage to the urinary system during the athlete`s preparation to maximum loads

Abstract

The modern educational and training process is accompanied by significant physical loads that require maximal mobilization of the athletes' body. In sports practice, the control of overfatigue and overstrain is usually limited to assessing the state of the heart, blood vessels, and muscles, while the state of the kidneys frequently remains overlooked due to the latent course of injuries to this organ. The lack of a simple and understandable methodical control of kidney overstrain risks leads to the development of an active form of their injury, loss of the athletes' physical performance, and premature termination of their sports career. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specificity of urinary system injuries under maximal physical loads and to substantiate pedagogical strategies for the control and prevention of kidney injury in the process of sports training. Research methods:analysis, generalization, and content analysis of scientific and methodical sources; the method of pedagogical analysis of training situations; the method of developing practical schemes for operational coaching control. Results. The pedagogical essence of renal changes during training caused by a temporary decrease in renal blood flow (by 25–75%) and acute destruction of muscle fibers due to overtraining and overstrain of the urinary system has been revealed. The effectiveness of non-invasive express testing of fluid balance by urine specific gravity and the use of modern tests for latent kidney fatigue have been substantiated. A comprehensive logical-methodical matrix for regulating training loads depending on the severity of the detected renal stress in athletes has been developed and practically substantiated. Conclusions. It is shown that the prevention of kidney injuries in sports has a pronounced educational and methodical character. Successful training requires the implementation of a hydration culture, adherence to the didactic principle of progressive loading, nutritional control, and a ban on the unauthorized use of painkillers by athletes. The implementation of the developed three-stage scheme for operational correction of training plans allows the coach to proactively manage the homeostasis of the athletes' body without reducing the overall efficiency of training.