Common Grammar Challenges in Learning German and How to Overcome

Abstract

In today's world, proficiency in the German language has become an important aspect of an individual's educational and professional development. It is particularly relevant in the context of access to broader international business and multicultural relations. However, innovative teaching methods, the use of AI tools, authentic learning materials, and digital platforms still do not guarantee successful mastery of its grammatical system. The study employs theoretical analysis of scholarly literature, descriptive methods, comparative analysis, error analysis, and observation. These methods made it possible to identify the nature of typical grammatical errors, systematize modern approaches to overcoming grammatical difficulties, and characterize the role of cross-linguistic interference in the process of acquiring German grammar. The article analyzes typical grammatical difficulties that arise in the process of learning German as a second foreign language after English. Special attention is given to errors in the use of case forms, word order in simple and complex sentences, the structure of subordinate clauses, the functioning of prepositional-case constructions, the use of verb tense forms, and subject–verb agreement. The main causes of grammatical errors are identified as cross-linguistic interference and the influence of the English language. Additionally, the role of students' individual cognitive strategies in the acquisition of grammatical structures is emphasized. The conclusions summarize the results of the analysis of typical grammatical difficulties in learning German and identify factors influencing the formation of students' grammatical competence. The study outlines prospects for further research related to the development of methodological approaches to overcoming interference-related errors in the process of learning a second foreign language.