Global and National Trends in Professional Training of Physical Culture and Sports Specialists: A Paradigm Shift, Competence-Based Approach, and Professional Competence Structure

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive theoretical and methodological analysis of modern trends in the modernization of higher physical education. The paradigm shift in personnel training is substantiated: a decisive transition from outdated technocratic models to humanistically oriented learning based on the principles of student-centeredness, the acme-cultural approach, and the concept of salutogenesis. It is proven that the high social significance inherent in modern physical education and sports requires the formation of a multifunctional, new-generation specialist. The expansion of the boundaries of their professional activity is actualized, where the leading place is occupied by direct coaching, work in the fitness industry, as well as highly critical directions for modern Ukraine — adaptive sports, veteran sports, and physical culture and sports rehabilitation, which ensure post-war recovery and preservation of the state's human capital. It is determined that such a polyfunctional range of tasks significantly complicates the pedagogical process in higher education institutions and necessitates the integration of diverse scientific knowledge. It is shown that an indispensable condition for training is the implementation of innovative didactic systems combining modern educational and information and communication technologies. The integral structure of the professional competence of the field's specialists is generalized through a system of interconnected components, among which subject-methodological, inclusive, digital, and health-preserving competencies are highlighted. The specificity of pedagogical content knowledge and the value orientations of teachers are investigated, the realization of which directly enhances the professional excellence of future specialists and ensures their high competitiveness in the labor market.