Model Characteristics of Morphofunctional Indicators and Physical Fitness of Pankration Athletes Aged 13–15 Years

Abstract

The study of physical and special preparedness of young athletes is an essential component of an effective training process, as it helps to identify key factors influencing the development of athletic abilities. This article discusses the model characteristics of morphofunctional indicators and physical preparedness of pankration athletes aged 13-15 years who are undergoing specialized basic training. The research utilized methods of theoretical analysis, pedagogical testing, and statistical mathematics. A total of 30 athletes from this age category participated in the study. The analysis results showed that the physical development of pankration athletes aged 13-15 years should meet certain norms, particularly the body mass index, which must fall within the normal range, with a minimum value of 15.47. Also significant are the body type characteristics, with the normosthenic body type being the most optimal for this category of athletes. Other parameters, such as the development of the chest and explosive strength indicators, also showed certain variations, which are due to the physiological characteristics of the boys, particularly their rapid growth and development during this period. An important aspect is the analysis of specific tests for evaluating physical preparedness, such as jumping rope and throwing a tennis ball. In the first and second years of training, a decrease in the gap between ideal and minimum indicators was observed, indicating gradual improvement in the athletes’ physical qualities. However, when performing complex technical elements, such as left-foot strikes, an increase in this gap was noted, which may be related to motor asymmetry typical for young athletes.

The conclusions of the study confirm that for pankration athletes aged 13-15 years, achieving optimal morphofunctional characteristics, such as a normosthenic body type, developed chest, and balanced physical development, is important. The development of such model characteristics allows for the improvement of training methods, as well as optimizing the selection of athletes for further specialized training. Furthermore, the results of the research can be used for monitoring the training process and improving sports achievements in pankration.