Review of international experience in preventing and countering of bullying

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the international experience of preventing and countering bullying, as well as analyzing the content and structure of anti-bullying programs that have proven their effectiveness when used in educational practice. In order to justify the need for a systematic approach to solving the problem, special attention is paid to identifying factors that contribute to a high level of bullying in schools in developing countries. The article uses such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis and generalization. The results of the study analyzed international experience in school bullying prevention, including programs implemented in countries with a high level of social responsibility, such as Norway, Finland, the USA, Germany and Australia. Special attention was paid to the effectiveness of the "Olweus Bullying Prevention Program", "KiVa" and "Friendly Schools" programs, which emphasize a comprehensive approach that includes educational work, education of tolerance and implementation of monitoring mechanisms. International anti-bullying experience covers a wide range of approaches and programs aimed at prevention, intervention and creating a positive school environment. The variety of approaches is due to the cultural, social and legislative features of different countries, which allows us to assert the presence of many effective strategies to combat bullying, which can be adapted to different conditions. Programs developed in Norway, Finland, the USA, and Canada demonstrate high results in reducing the level of bullying and improving the psychological climate in schools. The conclusions justify the opinion that successfully overcoming school bullying requires the involvement of all subjects of the educational process: teachers, students, parents and administrative staff of educational institutions. A key role in this process is played by the improvement of the professional competence of teachers, including training in methods of diagnosis and prevention of bullying, the formation of school-wide strategies and programs aimed at the implementation of preventive and corrective measures.