Implementation of Simulation-Based Training in Postgraduate Surgical Education: Benefits and Challenges for Medical Universities in Ukraine

Abstract

Modern medical education requires the implementation of innovative approaches to improve the professional training of surgeons. One of the most promising directions is the use of simulation technologies, which create a controlled environment for practicing surgical skills without risk to patients. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of simulation-based training in enhancing surgical skills and developing cognitive and technical competencies in surgeons, as well as to identify the main advantages and challenges of implementing these technologies in medical education in Ukraine. Methods. A comparative analysis of various approaches to implementing simulation-based training in surgical education was conducted, along with a study based on clinical cases. To collect and systematize the data, a review of scientific publications on major scientometric platforms such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus was carried out. The selection of sources was based on criteria of scientific significance, relevance, and thematic appropriateness, which allowed the inclusion of over 80 scientific articles and reviews published from 2019 to 2024. Results. The research shows that the implementation of simulation-based training contributes to significant improvements in surgical preparation. It was found that simulation training helps reduce the level of complications during surgeries, which emphasizes the importance of simulation trainers in developing not only technical skills but also the ability to quickly adapt to real clinical situations. Furthermore, simulation-based training played a key role in developing cognitive skills such as clinical reasoning and decision-making in stressful situations. Surgeons who trained on simulation platforms became more effective in making decisions during complex situations, such as massive bleeding, organ perforation, or cardiac arrest. This led to fewer errors and increased confidence in surgeons during critical operations. Significant improvements were also observed in participants' spatial orientation and coordination of movements. Subjective feedback from participants confirmed the positive impact of simulation-based training on overall preparedness, particularly on enhancing focus and better preoperative preparation. Surgeons noted that using simulation technologies helped them concentrate more effectively during surgeries, which contributed to improved productivity and performance. Conclusions. Simulation-based training is an essential tool for enhancing the preparation of surgeons, as it creates a safe environment for practice, reduces risks during surgeries, and boosts surgeons' confidence in their abilities.