The competency-based approach as a fundamental principle in modern education

Abstract

Our work is aimed at the theoretical study of the outlined issue. The purpose of the research is to determine the role of the competency-based approach as an important guide in transforming the content and organization of modern education, as well as to identify the features of its implementation in the Ukrainian educational system under the conditions of reform.

The following methods were used in the course of the study: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, normative documents, the concept of the New Ukrainian School, and generalization of advanced pedagogical experience.

The research yielded the following results. It was established that the competency-based approach is aimed at developing students' ability to apply knowledge, skills, and values in real-life situations. Its application is essential in the context of modern global development and the reform of the Ukrainian education system. The interpretations of the terms «competence» and «competency» were analyzed, and it was confirmed that they are not synonymous. Within the framework of our study, competency is understood as a personal ability formed in a learner during the acquisition of knowledge, skills, experience, and attitudes, and is decisive in solving educational tasks. The term competence is interpreted as a defined requirement, which is independent, the same for everyone, and clearly described in the expected learning outcomes. In other words, competency is the sum of competences.

It is important to emphasize that the implementation of this approach requires not only changes in the content of education but also a rethinking of the teacher’s role - as a facilitator of the educational process who is capable of creating conditions for the development of a holistic, responsible, and proactive individual.

Conclusions. The competency-based approach forms the foundation of the modern educational process, ensuring its practical relevance, personal orientation, and responsiveness to the challenges of the 21st century. Its implementation contributes to the development of individuals capable of self-realization, critical thinking, and active civic engagement. Education based on competencies becomes an effective tool for shaping a new generation capable of adapting to change and creating the future.