Current trends in the functioning of the category of depreciation and their impact on the methodology of teaching Polish as a foreign language

Abstract

The article aims to establish the features of the use of depreciative - non-depreciative forms of masculine nouns in the modern Polish language and their application in the methodology of teaching Polish as a foreign language. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were completed: the analysis of the dictionary definition of the term depreciativity and its definition by linguists; features of the category of depreciativity in the Polish language and their reflection in dictionaries and language consultations are established; identified factors for which the need to be aware of this issue of students studying the Polish language is necessary.

Methods. During the study, a descriptive method, a method for analyzing dictionary definitions, and a method for grammatical analysis were used.

Results. The category of depreciativity is closely related to the category of the gender and to the distinction between masculine and non-masculine nouns when creating forms of the nominative and vocative cases of the plural. The essence of the category of depreciativity is the creation of the nominative and vocative cases of masculine nouns by analogy to non-masculine to express ill-will, contempt, disdain, etc. The study of the category of depreciativity is an essential component in the course of the Polish language as a foreign language, as it contributes to a better understanding of the speaker's communicative intentions and the improvement of the student's communication skills.

Conclusions. Modern dictionaries more regularly submit depreciative and non-depreciative forms, which to a certain extent complicates their use and the correct choice of the form of the nominative and vocative case of the plural of nouns of the masculine gender. Despite the attempt of modern dictionaries to systematize the representation of depreciational and non-depreciational forms, not all nouns have these forms, and the ambiguity of a specific category of nouns makes it challenging to cover all possible forms. In addition, in Polish grammar, to this day, there remain nouns that traditionally have a negative coloring and initially did not occupy non-depreciative forms. In modern dictionaries, the paradigm of most nouns of this type contains non-depreciative forms, but there are doubts about their use in live speech. This is also confirmed by the cited texts that lack these forms.