Individual Characteristics of Qualified Long Jumpers

Abstract

Relevance. Despite a considerable number of scientific studies in the fields of biomechanics, physiology, and sports psychology, the problem of comprehensive identification of athletes' individual characteristics (anthropometric, biomechanical, and typological) and their integration into the process of improving technical mastery remains insufficiently developed and requires further in-depth research. Purpose of the study – to improve the technical mastery of qualified long jumpers based on the determination of their individual characteristics. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature and Internet sources; analysis of competition protocols; biomechanical analysis using the optoelectronic measurement system OptoGate; modeling; psychodiagnostic methods (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire for determining temperament type); methods of mathematical statistics. Results. The results of the study revealed significant individual variability in anthropometric indicators, parameters of the kinematic structure of movements, and typological characteristics of qualified long jumpers. It was established that differences in step length and frequency, duration of support and flight phases, as well as speed characteristics of the last steps of the run-up determine the formation of individual technical models. The findings also made it possible to identify individual typological features of qualified long jumpers, demonstrating the predominance of the sanguine temperament type alongside individual differences in the levels of extraversion and neuroticism. Conclusions. It has been established that the application of an individual approach based on the integration of anthropometric, biomechanical, and typological indicators is a promising direction for improving the technical mastery of qualified long jumpers.